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cancer council Understanding Brain Tumours

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 Understanding Brain Tumours A guide for people with brain or spinal cord tumours, their families and friends Understanding Brain Tumours A guide for people with brain or spinal cord tumours, their families and friends  First published January 1995. This edition May 2022. © Cancer Council Australia. ISBN 978 0 6452847 5 1  Understanding Brain Tumours is reviewed approximately every two years. Check the publication date above to ensure this copy is up to date.  Editor: Ruth Sheard. Designer: Eleonora Pelosi. Printer: IVE Group Acknowledgements  This edition has been developed by Cancer Council NSW on behalf of all other state and territory Cancer Councils as part of a National Cancer Information Subcommittee initiative. We thank the reviewers of this booklet: A/Prof Lindy Jeffree, Neurosurgeon, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, QLD; Emma Daly, Neuro-oncology Clinical Nurse Consultant, Cabrini Health, VIC; A/Prof Andrew Davidson, Neurosurgeon, Victori...
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Immune system (part 1)

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 Immune system THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • Molecules, cells, tissues and organs which provide non-specific and specific protection against • Microorganisms  • Microbial toxins  • Tumor cells  – Crucial to human survival  ORIGIN OF CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • Derived from common progenitor cell in bone marrow – Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell  • Progenitor Stem Cells  – Myeloid lineage  • Monocyte/macrophage, dendritic cells, PMN’s, mast cells  • Erythroid : Erythrocytes and Megakaryocytes  – Lymphoid lineage  • Small and large lymphocytes                    Hematopoietic stem cell GATA transcription factors are a family of transcription factors characterized by their ability to bind to the DNA sequence "GATA“  Oct-2 is a octamer transcription factor which is part of the POU family.   POU (pronounced 'pow') is a family of proteins that have well-conserved homeodomains...
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Immune system (part 2)

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Immune system  (part 2)  Dendritic cells (DC) • are phagocytes in tissues that are in contact with the external environment; therefore, they are located mainly in the skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and intestines  • named for their resemblance to neuronal dendrites, as both have many spine-like projections, but dendritic cells are in no way connected to the nervous system  • serve as a link between the bodily tissues and the innate and adaptive immune systems, as they present antigen to T cells, one of the key cell types of the adaptive immune system    CELLS OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY  • Lymphoid Lineage                   – Large lymphocytes (large granular lymphocytes)                      • Natural killer (NK) cells (CD16, CD56)                      • Inn...
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