"دليلك للصحة والنظافة"

 Diet, Nutrition, and Bone Health Abstract   Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease that affects many older people. Fragility fractures are the hallmark of osteoporosis. Although nutrition is only 1 of many factors that influence bone mass and fragility fractures, there is an urgent need to develop and implement nutritional approaches and policies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis that could, with time, offer a foundation for population-based preventive strategies. However, to develop efficient and precocious strategies in the prevention of osteoporosis, it is important to determine which modifiable factors, especially nutritional factors, are able to improve bone health throughout life. There are potentially numerous nutrients and dietary components that can influence bone health, and these range from the macronutrients to micronutrients as well as bioactive food ingredients. The evidence-base to support the role of nutrients and food components in bone health ...

Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2019-2020  What is breast cancer?  Breast cancer is a group of diseases in which cells in breast tissue change and divide uncontrolled, typically resulting in a lump or mass. Most breast cancers begin in the lobules (milk glands) or in the ducts that connect the lobules to the nipple.  What are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer?  Breast cancer typically has no symptoms when the tumor is small and most easily treated, which is why screening is important for early detection. The most common physical sign is a painless lump. Sometimes breast cancer spreads to underarm lymph nodes and causes a lump or swelling, even before the original breast tumor is large enough to be felt. Less common signs and symptoms include breast pain or heaviness; persistent changes, such as swelling, thickening, or redness of the skin; and nipple changes, such as spontaneous discharge (especially if bloody), scaliness, or retraction. Any pe...

 Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2019-2020 Breast Cancer Treatment Treatment decisions are made jointly by the patient and the physician after consideration of the stage and biological characteristics of the cancer, the patient’s age, menopausal status, and preferences, and the risks and benefits associated with each option.  Ductal carcinoma in situ  Since there is currently no certain way to determine the progressive potential of a DCIS lesion, surgery and sometimes radiation and/or hormonal therapy are the usual course of action following a diagnosis of DCIS. However, there is likely a group of patients that could safely forgo surgical treatment for DCIS.192 Several clinical trials are currently underway that are comparing standard treatment to active monitoring (with optional hormonal therapy) in women with “low-risk” DCIS.6 Ongoing research also seeks to identify molecular markers of DCIS that could predict recurrence or progression to invasive cance...